Students' Centre
What is the Balance of Payments (BOP)?
The Balance of Payments is defined as a record of transactions in goods, services and capital or money between residents of a country and those of the rest of the world, over a specified period of time usually a calendar year. The composition of these accounts are current accounts, capital accounts and official settlement balance.
What is the Cost of Living?
This is an indication of the quality of life of the people of a country and how that is changing from one year to another. It refers to how much can be bought with a person’s net income. (That is income after deductions for income tax etc.).
Cost of Living Index.
This index is constructed by taking the total value of a collection of items purchased by a typical consumer in a particular year, which is referred to as a ‘base year’. That year is given a value of say 100. The same items are valued periodically (e.g. annually) and the general price movements can be compared relative to the prices of the items in the base year, and plotted on a graph. This gives an indication of whether prices have risen or fallen depending on whether each new plotted position is above or below the base line.
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What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
The CPI consists of the prices of goods and services purchased by consumers. It is one of the indices used to measure the cost of living.
What is economics?
The human science which studies the relationship between scarce resources and the various uses which compete for these resources. Essentially, economics determines what goods and services to produce, how to produce them and for whom to produce them.
What is Globalisation?
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnection of people and places as a result of advances in transport, communication, and information technologies. This causes political, economic, and cultural convergence ie coming together.
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What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
The total value of output and production of all the resources within the borders of a country is termed the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
What is Gross National Product (GNP) ?
The total value of the output of the resources owned by residents of a county wherever these resources are situated inside or outside the borders of the Country.
What is Inflation?
Inflation occurs when prices are constantly rising and the real value of money or its purchasing power is falling. This results in a rise in cost of living. If it is not matched by an increase in salaries and income of workers, they will then experience a fall in the standard of living.
What is Money?
What exactly is money? Essentially, money is anything that is generally acceptable by the public as a medium of exchange or a means of payment. Historically, many different things were used as money. For some people in the not too distant past, it was feathers, stones, beads, bangles and shells, for these were the objects that were considered valuable. Today it is coins, banknotes, plastic cards, credit cards, debit cards and savings in the bank.
What is the Net International Reserves (NIR)?
Net International Reserves are the inflow of foreign currencies minus the outflow of foreign currencies.
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